I like to think I have pretty good macOS experience (been doing it for about 10 years now)… but there are limits to my knowledge :P … so I’ll just throw some ideas out of things in my head.
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I’d like to think in the Utilities \ CONSOLE \ System Log… there’s some way to Search or query there to see what’s invoking Fans… but I could be wrong ? (I’m googling this now but not coming up with much yet)
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I would tend to believe that Fan-speeds and almost entirely controlled by system-temperatures ? (that an App cannot just request Fan spin-up,. the system would only allow that if Temps start to spike ?)…but I honestly don’t know macOS internals deep enough to say that for sure.
Your temps look fine,. which leads me to think maybe there’s an App or some system-hook running on your system that’s causing this,. but I’m kinda drawing a blank brainstorming how to track that down.
There’s been other questions like this in years past for things like “How do I figure out what App is waking up my MacBook when it’s asleep in my bag?”… and your question seems similar. I just don’t know (especially on newer Apple Silicon and newer versions of macOS) whether Apple even allows you to see what’s causing Fans to invoke at higher speeds. (especially since all the KB articles for Apple Silicon basically just say “Shutdown and Restart your system” (makes it seem like it’s all controlled by Firmware and there’s really no “user settings” for deeper fan control. )
Water damage almost always leads to long-term corrosion of the smaller electronic components on the motherboard, etc. (IE - it’s probably only going to get worse over time). I generally don’t trust equipment that’s ever had water-damage.