Theoretically its possible that you actually got infected but extremely unlikely simply by visiting a website, something like this requires extreme sophistication and things like this are generally done by governments.
In your case if you simply clicked a dodgy link, what the people who host those website do is that they host thousands of scam websites in hopes for victims to fall in to them, if one of them goes down then there is more that are still running.
TLDR: You’re probably safe
Long answer:
Theoretically its possible that you actually got infected but extremely unlikely simply by visiting a website, something like this requires extreme sophistication and things like this are generally done by governments.
In your case if you simply clicked a dodgy link, what the people who host those website do is that they host thousands of scam websites in hopes for victims to fall in to them, if one of them goes down then there is more that are still running.